Three main schools within psychology become established in the 20th century: – Behaviourism Gestalt-theory Psychoanalysis Behaviourism • Behaviourism (Watson, Skinner, Pavlov) – Basic notions: • Our consciousness is private, not open to analysis

Three main schools within psychology become established in the 20th century: – Behaviourism Gestalt-theory Psychoanalysis Behaviourism Behaviourism (Watson, Skinner, Pavlov) – Basic notions: Our consciousness is private, not open to analysis What we can observe is behaviour animals / humnas (facts) Stimuli (S) produce responses (R) (behaviour) S → R – Our behaviour is formed by stimuli around us – Positive reinforcement encourages us to continue with the same behaviour; negative reinforcement means we avoid certain behaviours